Hyperthermia phased arrays pre-treatment evaluation.

In the hyperthermia treatment of deep-seated tumours by a phased array of radiofrequency (RF) antennas, heatability will be investigated in terms of power-to-tumour and other figures-of-merit of hyperthermia treatments to be optimised. The assumption is that each source is individually constrained to not exceed a maximal nominal power. The nominal power may differ from a source to another as a physical limit or an operative modality.Under such constraint, new procedures for the maximisation of (i) power-to-tumour, (ii) heating efficiency and, in general, (iii) power ratios as tumour-heating selectivity are proposed. (iv) The problem whether a tumour is equally heatable after turning off some antennas is addressed as array thinning.An array of eight dipoles arranged on two lines around a head/neck is introduced to perform a numerical analysis. The achievable power-to-tumour according to the new optimizations and other performance indices adopted from the literature is tested against values of power that can be found to be sufficient for heating tumours to clinical temperatures. New solutions to data rendering in hyperthermia heating are proposed

Current state of the art of regional hyperthermia treatment planning: A review

Locoregional hyperthermia, i.e. increasing the tumor temperature to 40-45 °C using an external heating device, is a very effective radio and chemosensitizer, which significantly improves clinical outcome. There is a clear thermal dose-effect relation, but the pursued optimal thermal dose of 43 °C for 1 h can often not be realized due to treatment limiting hot spots in normal tissue. Modern heating devices have a large number of independent antennas, which provides flexible power steering to optimize tumor heating and minimize hot spots, but manual selection of optimal settings is difficult. Treatment planning is a very valuable tool to improve locoregional heating. This paper reviews the developments in treatment planning software for tissue segmentation, electromagnetic field calculations, thermal modeling and optimization techniques. Over the last decade, simulation tools have become more advanced. On-line use has become possible by implementing algorithms on the graphical processing unit, which allows real-time computations. The number of applications using treatment planning is increasing rapidly and moving on from retrospective analyses towards assisting prospective clinical treatment strategies. Some clinically relevant applications will be discussed

Radio hyperthermia for re-treatment of superficial tumours.

Relapse remains an unsolved problem for previously radio-treated patients. Our purpose is to evaluate the role of radio-hyperthermia (RT-HT) in the retreatment of superficial recurrences.From 1998 to 2007, 51 patients affected by four histological types (breast recurrences (group A), melanoma recurrences (group B), head and neck recurrences (group C), and others (group D)) of 76 superficial lesions, were enrolled at Mauriziano Hospital at the Research Institute of Cancer Care Candiolo (IRCC) in Turin. All patients had previously undergone RT except 6 patients of group B. The total mean retreatment dose was 31.8 Gy (20-60 Gy), while the mean of HT sessions was 5 (1 to 8), temperature ranged from 38.5 degrees C (T min) to 44 degrees C (T max).Acute cutaneous toxicity was 77.6% G1, 22.4% G2, none for G3. Forty-five days later we observed: for group A 65.9% complete response (CR), 29.5% partial response (PR), 4.5% non-response (NR); for group B 33.3% CR, 25% PR and 41.7% NR; for group C 40% CR, 13.3% PR, 46.7% NR, for group D 60% CR and 40% NR. 18 months later group A presented 72.7% local control (LC), 20.5% stable disease (SD) and 6.8% non-control (NC), group B 50% LC, 16,7% SD and 33.3% NC, group C 33.3% LC, 40% SD and 26.7% NC, group D 40% LC and 60% NC. Early response, size of lesionsor =3 cm, T maxor =42 degrees C and RT dosesor =40 Gy were predictive outcome factors.We confirmed that radio-hyperthermia is useful in re-irradiation with a very high patient compliance

Numerical Modeling of the Internal Temperature in the Mammary Gland

The microwave thermometry method for the diagnosis of breast cancer is based on an analysis of the internal temperature distribution.This paper is devoted to the construction of a mathematical model for increasing the accuracy of measuring the internal temperature of mammary glands, which are regarded as a complex combination of several components, such as fat tissue, muscle tissue, milk lobules, skin, blood flows, tumor tissue. Each of these biocomponents is determined by its own set of physical parameters. Our numerical model is designed to calculate the spatial distributions of the electric microwave field and the temperature inside the biological tissue. We compare the numerical simulations results to the real medical measurements of the internal temperature.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

La grotte des Pins

Il breve contributo introduce le schede relative a una serie di disegni e incisioni rappresentanti la Grotta dei Pini nel castello di Fontainebleau, inquadrando la fabbrica nel contesto architettonico e paesaggistico

La 'Salle du Légat' de l'Hôtel Dieu de Paris. Une architecture oubliée de la Renaissance française

Commandée dans les années 1530 par le cardinal-cancelier Antoine Duprat, la salle du légat de l'Hotel-Dieu de Paris représente l’un des rares exemples de l'architecture de la première Renaissance dans le milieu parisien. Démolie en 1773, après un incendie, elle a été complètement oubliée par l'historiographie, mais une série de sources inédites en permet la restitution graphique. Sa façade est particulièrement intéressante car elle adopte, pour la première fois en France, le rythme ternaire de l'arc de triomphe à l'antique. Les choix du projet montrent une remarquable sensibilité et la capacité d'intégrer des éléments caractéristiques de l'architecture italienne avec ceux de la tradition français. La présence de l'italien Dominique de Cortone, qui dans la même période dirige le chantier de l'Hôtel de Ville, la comparaison avec l'ordonnance de ce dernier, ainsi que l'analyse du milieu architectural parisien des années 1530, amènent à attribuer à l'Italien le projet de la façade. L'ordonnance triomphale, que le commanditaire fait employer en même temps dans l'autel de l'abbaye de Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire, pourrait être un choix du cardinal Du Prat, voulant lancer un message précis à tous ceux qui, entre 1516 et 1527, avaient cherché à s'opposer à son immense pouvoir ainsi qu'à la confiance totale que François Ier et Louise de Savoie lui témoignaient

La Grotte des Pins à Fontainebleau

Lo studio approfondito dell'opera ha messo in evidenza come alcune delle statue della collezione papale del Belvedere siano state prese a modello per gli elementi scultorei della facciata della grotta, commissionata da Francesco I nel 1543. Nel saggio si analizza la struttura architettonica della grotta ridimensionando il ruolo generalmente riconosciuto agli artisti italiani presenti a Fontainebleau al momento dell'esecuzione dell'opera (Serlio, Primaticcio, Vignola

Le corps à Rome, le coeur à Nantes. La chapelle Saint-Thomas et son commanditaire

La chapelle bâtie pour Thomas Le Roy dans la collégiale Notre-Dame de Nantes était une des premières réalisations de la Renaissance en France. L'analyse de son plan et de ses élévations révèle la trace d'un dessin probablement de main italienne ainsi que des relations typologiques et formelles avec la chapelle du Bienheureux Giovanni Orsini, réalisée à Trogir par Niccolò di Giovanni Fiorentino. Thomas Le Roy, évêque de Dol et 'chierico di Camera', conçut ce projet à Rome, où il habitait dès 1495 et où il avait acquis plusieurs immeubles et construit un palais, situé proche de la Chancellerie et de la via Papali

F. Primaticcio, J. Barozzi da Vignola : Bronzi dall’antico di Fontainebleau (Arianna, Apollo, Laocoonte, Venere, Mercurio)

schedatura dei bronzi conservati presso il Musée National du Château de Fontainebleau, Galerie des Cerfs, copie della collezione delBelveder